Swift and Efficient Roof Replacement Austin: Book Currently!

Trustworthy Roof Covering Substitute Services for a Secure Home



Guaranteeing the structural integrity of your home starts from the top down, with the roof standing as the very first line of defense against the components. When considering the value of a safe and trustworthy roofing system, the requirement of expert roof replacement services comes to be noticeable. From securing your household and belongings to maintaining the overall worth of your property, a properly maintained roofing is extremely important. Just how can one determine the indicators that a roof covering substitute is due, and what are the benefits of leaving such a vital task to specialists? These concerns, along with the factors to consider of materials, setup processes, and long-term upkeep, all play an important duty in safeguarding a home that stands the test of time.




Importance of Roofing Replacement



Guaranteeing the architectural honesty of your home, a timely roofing system substitute is paramount in protecting against possible damages and preserving a safe living setting. With time, roofs weaken because of exposure to rough climate condition, UV radiation, and general wear and tear. A compromised roofing system can bring about water leakages, mold and mildew development, and architectural damages, positioning risks to the safety of residents and the overall stability of your home.


By purchasing a roof covering substitute when indications of aging or damages appear, property owners can avoid expensive repair services that might arise from water infiltration or structural weak point - roof replacement austin tx. Furthermore, a new roofing system enhances the curb appeal of the residential property, boosting its market value and aesthetic appeal


Professional roofing system replacement services offer know-how in evaluating the problem of the roofing, recommending appropriate materials, and executing the substitute with precision and efficiency. With a new roof covering in position, house owners can have satisfaction knowing that their property is well-protected which they have taken an aggressive action in maintaining a comfy and secure living setting.




Indications You Required a New Roofing System



Austin Roof ReplacementAustin Roof Replacement

 



To preserve the architectural stability of your home and guard versus prospective damages, it is crucial to be watchful for specific signs that may signal the demand for a brand-new roofing system. Among the most evident signs that you might need a roof substitute is roof covering age. It is likely getting to the end of its life expectancy if your roof covering is approaching 20-25 years old. Another clear indicator is missing out on, broken, or crinkling shingles, as these can leave your roof prone to leakages and further damages. Water stains on your ceiling or wall surfaces could direct to a leaky roofing system that requires instant focus. Additionally, if you see granules from shingles accumulating in your rain gutters or blemished patches on your roofing, it may be time for a replacement. Drooping areas on your roof deck also recommend architectural issues that require professional analysis and possibly a brand-new roofing system. Regularly evaluating your roof for these warning indications can aid you address troubles promptly and stop pricey fixings down the line.




Advantages of Specialist Installment



Expert roofing system installation services supply house owners with proficiency and precision essential for guaranteeing a protected and long lasting roof covering system. By going with specialist setup, property owners can benefit from the substantial knowledge and experience that roof covering experts bring to the table. These professionals are skilled in the newest sector requirements, ensuring that the setup is done properly and up to code.


One significant benefit of professional setup is the guarantee of high quality products - roof replacement austin texas. Roof professionals have access to premium products that are developed to last, ensuring that your new roof covering will certainly endure the examination of time and protect your home properly. Additionally, expert installers are equipped with the needed devices and equipment to take care of the job effectively and securely


Additionally, specialist roofing installation services commonly come with guarantees or guarantees, giving property owners with added satisfaction. In the uncommon event that issues develop post-installation, credible roof covering business will wait their job and attend to any issues without delay. Overall, investing in expert roof covering installation ensures a lasting and safe roof covering remedy for your home.




Picking the Right Roofing Material



Picking the ideal roof covering product is an essential choice that significantly impacts the longevity and performance of your roof. When choosing the ideal roof material for your home, there are several aspects to consider. The very first factor to consider is the environment in which you live. Various products are better suited for various weather. Metal roofs are durable and work well in areas prone to hefty snowfall, while clay ceramic tiles are better fit for warmer environments.




Roof Replacement Austin TxAustin Roofing Replacement
One more essential aspect to take my company into consideration is the incline of your roofing. Some materials, such as slate, require a steeper roofing system pitch for correct setup. In addition, the visual allure of the roof material need to line up with the overall design of your home. Whether you favor the timeless look of asphalt shingles or the modern-day look of steel roof, selecting a product that matches your home's architecture is vital.


In addition, it is critical to think about the cost and maintenance demands of different roof covering materials. While some materials may have a greater ahead of time cost, they can save you cash over time because of their longevity and low upkeep needs. Inevitably, choosing the best roof covering material includes stabilizing elements such as environment viability, roofing system incline, visual preferences, expense, and maintenance demands to make certain a long-lasting and protected roof covering for your home.




Roof Replacement Austin TxAustin Roof Replacement

Keeping Your New Roof Covering





Appropriate upkeep is necessary to make certain the longevity and performance of your new roofing. Cleaning particles such as leaves, branches, and dirt from the roofing system and seamless gutters is additionally crucial to prevent water build-up and possible damages.


In enhancement to visual evaluations, scheduling expert roof covering maintenance at the very least annually is suggested. A roof covering professional can examine the condition of your roof, make any kind of essential repairs, and guarantee that article it continues to be in ideal condition. Dealing with little issues immediately can assist avoid bigger, a lot more expensive problems down the line.




Final Thought



In verdict, it is critical to prioritize roof covering substitute for a safe home. Acknowledging the indications of needing a brand-new roof covering and opting for professional installation are key variables in ensuring the long life and safety of your home.


When considering the importance of a trustworthy and safe and secure roofing, the requirement of expert roof covering substitute services becomes obvious. One of the most evident signs that you may require a roofing replacement is roof age. Drooping locations on your roof covering deck also recommend structural concerns that require professional analysis and potentially a new roofing. Roofing specialists have access to top quality products that are developed to last, making sure that your brand-new roofing system will certainly stand up to the examination of time and safeguard your home properly. Eventually, picking the right roofing product entails stabilizing variables such as climate suitability, roof incline, visual choices, expense, and upkeep requirements Find Out More to guarantee a safe and long-lasting roof for your home.

 

Metal Roofing - Questions

7 Simple Techniques For Metal Roofing


Metal RoofingMetal Roofing



Wonderful Task I had my roof covering replaced by Fortified Roof as well as they did a fantastic work. John and his people done a terrific job at my residence. All the work finished is at really high requirements with sensible price.


The children at Fortified Roof covering did an excellent job on my roofing in Brick. I had an old rusty tin roofing and went for a roofing replacement I like it.


I would definitely recommend this Company. Pleasant and also well-mannered from begin to complete.




Metal Roofing Fundamentals Explained


Roofings are among one of the most crucial components of a residence, as well as purchasing a great one is important. Allow's consider the numerous benefits of steel roofing (especially in winter months) to aid us recognize just how these one-of-a-kind roofs are energy effective, resilient, as well as eye-catching. Steel roof handles any kind of climate.




As snow sits, wetness gathers, and some roofs don't manage it well, yet metal roofs do. Hail, wind, snow, as well as sun all add to asphalt roofings breaking down, although they will not impact steel roofs.


Throughout the cold wintertime months, metal roof coverings will additionally drop snow easier, assisting them keep a suitable weight distribution. All various other weather as well, such as rain and also high winds, don't phase a steel roof.




Not known Facts About Metal Roofing


In addition to that, a steel roofing is completely recyclable. The product is used over as well as over, and the toughness isn't jeopardized when doing so. Also after the weight of winter snowfalls, a metal roofing system holds solid. The appearance of a steel roof covering is an added perk. Today's steel roofing systems been available in lots of selections, permitting homeowners to choose what suits their style.




 


If you seek a visually pleasing, energy-saving, resilient roofing, the steel roof covering is the right option for you. Get In Touch With Distinctive Steel Roof, the trusted metal roofing professionals in Ohio and western Pennsylvania, for more details on just how you can boost your residence with a steel roof.




Metal RoofingMetal Roofing


Metal roofings were as soon as mainly made use of just for industrial tasks, but today it is among the fastest-growing roof covering materials utilized for both domestic as well as commercial roofing in the United States. Several people throughout the nation, including right below in West Virginia, are deciding to buy household metal roof.




The 7-Second Trick For Metal Roofing


You can make an enlightened selection concerning whether or not to choose metal roof covering for your home. Be it replacing an existing roof, constructing a brand-new house, or changing your existing one with a new roof, doing your study is the first job of the job.


This section of the write-up discusses the benefits of metal roof covering. Metal Roofing. Amongst all advantages of steel roofing, its life-span is always detailed as the top advantage. Compared to typical asphalt shingles, steel is much more resilient and also lasting. When appropriately set up and kept, a regular metal roofing can last anywhere from 25 to my explanation half a century.


Speed and also very easy installation are advantages of steel roofing that we can not manage to ignore. Its size, width, dimension percentage, and the reality it's lightweight make it simple to deal with. The majority of steel roof materials been available in multiple songs areas or in 12- to 36-inch-wide panels that can be easily handled as well as installed.




The Main Principles Of Metal Roofing


A low-slope roofing system is one whose slope is less than 3-in-12, this means the roofing system rises 3 inches for every straight foot. Some standing-seam roof covering can be made use of on 2-in-12 roofing system pitch or, in many cases, also as reduced as go to these guys 1-in-12. No matter the slope of the framework, a metal roof can still be installed.


For those who reside in hefty snowfall and also rainy locations, this is one of the most effective advantages of installing metal roofings. The surface area of the steel sheet is tough and also unsafe by nature which makes it difficult for snow as well as water to make a hold. If you install dark tones of steel roof covering or steel roof covering with a PVDF layer it doubles up the advantages of steel roofing.


In locations where there is hefty snowfall, having the snow easily come off your roof is a significant advantage, reducing the weight on your residence. If you are looking to cut some expenses from your regular monthly expenses, setting up a steel roof could be useful. Houses that have metal roofs can conserve up to 30% each month on cooling expenses.




Everything about Metal Roofing


Regardless of what, the roof Recommended Site will certainly somehow saturate the convected heat as well as transfer it to the attic, basically capturing it as well as making your a/c device battle to get it out. Metal Roofing. The sunlight will continue to heat up the roofing and the a/c device will certainly work overtime to cool it back down.




Metal RoofingMetal Roofing


: Metal roof coverings as well as solar panels make a fantastic mix. Meaning, it's easy to mount a solar panel on a metal roof.


A Steel Roofing is a Fire-Resistant Roofing This is one of the best benefits of steel roof for people living in wildfire-prone locations. The fire resistance of a roofing can be what conserves a home when these heartbreaking occasions occur - Metal Roofing. This is why taking note of a product's fire rating is so essential, particularly if you reside in a location that goes to threat for wildfires.




The 8-Second Trick For Metal Roofing


Most individuals think that steel roofs bring in lightning, yet that's an entirely incorrect declaration. Due to the fact that many metal roofing is thought about to be Assembly-Rated Class A, implying the covering and underlying roofing material give extra fire security. This makes metal roofing system materials one of one of the most fire-resistant options on the market for roof products.




 


Another benefit of steel roof is they are rust-resistant and water resistant. The strong steel surface also withstands algae.


If you remain in West Virginia, and also looking for a new metal roofing, Hardman's is your ideal alternative! Give us a telephone call today to read more from among our specialists.

 

Universal Roofing & Chimney Of Li Inc. Things To Know Before You Get This

The 9-Minute Rule for Roofing Companies Near Me


You might not think of it all that frequently, however your roofing system is protecting you and also your house from the aspects each and every single day. With time, even the most effective roofings will certainly start to show damage as well as, at some point, start to weaken as well as end up being much less reliable. While every roof is unique and also will encounter its very own problems, there are a number of rather usual concerns that tend to occur with specific type of roofing systems.


If not captured till later, the signs will certainly be leaks or staining on the ceiling or interior walls. If the problem is captured early enough the location can be fixed, and also the swimming pools avoided from developing once more by re-angling and also resealing the roofing.


Poor roof drain. If your seamless gutters become blocked, the excess water can permeate right into the roofing system and also trigger rot, or create the swimming pools of water discussed above.


Typically, the best solution for these problems is to have your roof covering professionally inspected. Signs: Roof appears old, faded, or harmed in an extensive method.




A Biased View of Gutter Installation Long Island


 

 



We have invested over twenty years acquiring experience and building our credibility in Albuquerque, Rio Rancho, and throughout New Mexico, and also are the name people trust when it comes to fixing their roofing the proper way! Call us today at (505) 821-9543 or see us online to get an estimate! (roof repair).


Labor and also materials make up the mass of roofing system repair costs, yet roofing design as well as the level of the damage will certainly additionally influence the rate. You'll likewise require to consider your location as well as the current real estate market, which might influence the cost of products and also labor. Don't allow your damaged roof covering become worse, A local pro can assist.




Roofing fixings can vary from straightforward to complex. The roof's pitch, material, as well as other features might additionally increase the rate of roof repair work.


Sometimes, the damage to a roofing system is very little. Blinking might have come loose with time because of warm and sunlight and also needs to be resealed, or a couple of roof shingles might have blown off in the last wind tornado. Things concerning roof roof it covering damage is that the minor problems can become huge obstacles if they're not repaired rapidly - roof repair.




The smart Trick of Roofing Company Long Island That Nobody is Discussing


If your roof covering has extra attributes like a skylight or chimney, you might experience even more leaks that need repair work. It can be testing to find the leakage in a skylight, so leave the tough task to a pro who recognizes what to look for. go to the website Repairing a roof covering around a skylight or chimney might take longer or set you back more if either aspect requires to be changed or repaired.


Repair your roofing prior to it's as well late, A regional pro can assist. Repairing a roofing in the winter months in a location with snow and ice is a difficult and also possibly hazardous task.




 


You might be able to set up a roof covering repair service for 10 to 15 percent less than regular if the specialist is less active. Your location considerably influences roofing repair work prices.




Roof Replacement Companies Near MeGutter Repair Long Island
com The repairs, materials, and roof design aren't the only points you'll require to take into consideration for roof repair costs. Depending on the level of the damages, you might need to pay for a roof assessment. As well as, of program, any emergency roof fixing typically costs much more. If you aren't sure where the roof damages here is or what's triggering it, you'll need to have a roof covering firm do an inspection.




Not known Factual Statements About Gutter Repair Long Island


Roofing Companies Near MeGutter Repair Long Island
If the damages is serious, a roofing contractor may additionally examine the attic to see if the timber and also insulation have actually decomposed. Many assessments cost around $200, yet they can range from $99 to $375. Required rood repair service? A neighborhood pro can aid. Secure free, no-commitment price quotes from contractors near you.


You'll want to call a roof covering pro asap to get the roof fixed. Many emergency situation roofing repair work price a minimum of $100 to $300 greater than normal. Your property owners insurance policy may cover the price of emergency fixings because of a tornado, so make certain to inspect your plan first.

 

Getting The Roof Installation To Work

The Buzz on Dallas Roofing Company

 

Roofing system repair work & maintenance Roof replacement New roofing system setup Comprehensive roof examinations & estimates Whether you are installing a new roofing system on a brand-new home or changing an older roof that is no longer doing its job, there are numerous options in regards to the kinds of roof materials offered.

 

 

 

 


Factors that determine what type of roofing is best include the slope and complexity of the roof, as well as the style of your home, local climate and the cost of different roofing choices. At Fortenberry Roofing, the trusted roofing professional of West Texas, you can trust that you'll have the best roofing in no time! Contact us today for your totally free quote.

 

 

 

Little Known Facts About Roofing Company.


Whether clay or concrete is used as the molding material, the end outcome is a roof tile designed to overlap and/or interlock with surrounding tiles. Clay and concrete tile roofs are well-suited for hot climates that do not have high rainfall; they shouldn't be installed in areas where heavy, routine rains and freezing temperatures are common.


Its primary constraint is that it's not appropriate for usage on complex or curved roofings.

 

 

 

Fascination About New View Roofing


Similar to asphalt shingles, metal roof tends to be a really cost effective option. This roof classification is frequently organized with "low-slope" roof because many of the roof treatments are the exact same.

 

 

 

Roofing CompanyRoofing Experts

 



Metal roof is in some cases used on low-slope roofing systems, however not on flat roofing systems. High-density Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) roofing is a system that coats the roofing with a constant layer of foam insulation that can also work as the completed roof surface area (as long as a protective finishing is applied over the foam).

 

 

 

An Unbiased View of Roofing Experts


Located in Palm Beach county, Wellington Regional Medical Center is an intense care healthcare facility, a subsidiary of Universal Health Providers, an extremely appreciated health care management company. When Wellington Regional Medical Center discovered roofing system leakages, they contacted Finest Roof for elimination of the old roof system. The scope of work for this task was substantial due to the reality their treatment hours.


As a house owner, you have the responsibility of maintaining your house. With the right services, homeowners can get crucial upkeep tasks in no time. Let's look at a few roofing services you ought to know about.

 

 

 

The Only Guide to Roofing Contractors

 

Roof InstallationBest Roofing Company
Whether it is because of damage continual from a storm or just since the roof is old and has actually begun to wear, there's a likelihood property owners will have to either change or repair their shingles at some time - roofing in Dallas. If not done properly, roofing repairs or replacement can cause major issues, like leakages and moisture trapping.


All in all, having an expert examine your roofing is something that should be done regularly. Your seamless gutters are a fundamental part of your roofing system. Without proper gutters in place, drainage might be an issue. And if water isn't able to drain pipes, you might sustain water damage in your roof and your house.

 

 

 

Excitement About Roofing Contractors

 

 


The 3 primary parts of a roof are the deck, the membrane, and the coverings. The deck is the underlying structure of the roofing, usually made from More Bonuses plywood or oriented strand board (OSB). The membrane is a waterproof layer that helps to secure the deck from moisture. The coverings are the products that you see on the roof, such as shingles, tiles, or metal.




Flashing is a material that is utilized to seal any gaps or openings in the roofing system, such as around chimneys or skylights. Drains are installed at low points in the roofing to help remove water. Now that you know the basics about the various types of roof readily available, you can start to narrow down your options and pick the finest roofing for your house. roofing contractors.

 

 

 

Roofing In Dallas Fundamentals Explained


They can help you pick the very best roof for your house and budget. When it comes to industrial roofing, there are several kinds of roofing systems that can be utilized. Depending upon the type of organization, the climate, and the budget plan, there are a variety of choices available. Here are some of the most popular kinds of business roof: Metal roofing systems are among the most durable and long-lasting types of roofing offered.


Metal roofs come in a range of colors and styles to match any building. Flat roofing system is a popular option for lots of services because they are simple to maintain and fix. They are also reasonably affordable compared to other kinds of roof. Nevertheless, flat roofing systems can be more prone to leaks and damage from high Resources winds.

 

 

 

Things about Roofing Contractors


Rubber roofs can be more pricey than other types of roof. Asphalt roofings are a popular option for many services due to the fact that they are budget friendly and simple to install.


The deck is the underlying structure of the roofing, generally made from plywood or oriented strand board (OSB). The coverings are the materials that you see on the roofing, such as shingles, tiles, or metal.

 

 

 

Some Known Facts About Roofing Company.


Flashing is a material that is utilized to seal any spaces or openings in the roofing, such as around chimneys or skylights. Drains are installed at low points in the roofing to assist remove water. Now that you understand the basics about the different types of roof systems readily available, you can start to limit your see choices and pick the finest roofing system for your house - Roofing Experts.


They can help you choose the finest roof for your house and budget. When it pertains to industrial roofing, there are several kinds of roofing systems that can be used. Depending upon the type of company, the climate, and the budget, there are a range of choices available. Here are a few of the most popular types of commercial roof: Metal roofings are among the most durable and lasting types of roof offered.

 

 

 

The smart Trick of Roofing Company That Nobody is Talking About

 

 

 

 


Metal roofings been available in a range of colors and styles to match any building. Flat roofing system is a popular choice for many companies because they are easy to preserve and repair. They are also reasonably inexpensive compared to other kinds of roof. Flat roofings can be more prone to leakages and damage from high winds.


They are likewise resistant to fire and extreme climate condition. Rubber roofs can be more pricey than other types of roofing. Asphalt roofing systems are a popular choice for numerous services because they are inexpensive and simple to install. Asphalt roofs also offer excellent resistance to fire and extreme weather.
 

How Commercial Roof Installation can Save You Time, Stress, and Money.

An Unbiased View of Commercial Roof Replacement


Your ventilation system is an important part of your roof. The very first thing a professional does when they install a roofing is to guarantee the attic room is appropriately ventilated. The damages triggered by the trapped cold as well as warm air will considerably shorten your roofing system's life as well as even nullify the manufacturer's warranty.


The nailing of the roof shingles on your roofing system plays a larger duty than you 'd anticipate. If the shingles are lifted and also the nail heads are located laying sideways, then you understand your roofing system was incorrectly mounted. Toenail placement is also key to appropriate installment. If a nail isn't placed on the nail line of the roof shingles, after that the maker's service warranty will certainly be nullified.




Roofing ContractorsRoofing Contractors
For a roofing system to be mounted correctly it needs to be done in dry weather condition. If a professional comes out on a stormy day to begin working on your roof covering, I can guarantee your new roofing will certainly have problems swiftly.




 


If it's as well warm, it'll be like walking in hot tar. If it's as well chilly, the roof shingles will essentially divide and split when the nail is driven in. Now that we've discussed what a poorly mounted roof covering is as well as what triggers it, we're all set to chat concerning why correct installment issues to you.




What Does Emergency Roofing Repairs Do?


And in today's market, there are roof coverings that have a life span of half a century or more. When it involves producer's warranties, you can wager they're going to do whatever feasible not to pay for repair services or a new roofing. The very first point they'll try to find is if the roof system was mounted properly.


When a roofing system is poorly installed it's not a matter of if it will leakage, it's a matter of when it will certainly leak. Now you have a large migraine that you aren't planned for. The last thing you desire on your mind is a leaking roof as well as the damages it does every single time rain comes.


It's the distinction between a long roof life and early roofing failure. There's something just as essential to your roofing's life (and also your residence in basic) as correct roof installment, that's your attic room's air flow system.


Warren Roof covering is familiar with even the most complex roof issues. Our team is geared up with the understanding, experience, and processes to take care of all necessary repair work as well as maintenance on your structure's roof. Due to the fact that there are a lot of various sorts of commercial roof covering installment, there are various repair services that could be required depending on your particular roofing, whether it is flat, single-ply, or another sort of roofing system.




The Definitive Guide for Commercial Roof Installation


 

 



The majority of people today want to take the diy (DO IT YOURSELF) strategy for finishing jobs. No matter look at here how many educational video clips you watch or instructions you read, your experience can not contrast to specialists'.


Roofs come in a wide range of styles, shingles, angles and added parts such as smokeshafts, blinking as well as vents. While certain roofing systems are more hazardous than others, you ought to still refrain from performing job on your roof covering. Plenty of individuals have diminished a roof after trying to deal with you can try these out something themselves.


You never ever understand the conditions of your roof, specifically after wet or snowy weather (Commercial Roof Repair). Rainfall can cause your roof to come to be slick with water as well as your footwear can shed grip versus the shingles or various other roofing material. Pitched roofs can make you lose your balance from adjusting your pose to stand upright.


If your roof experiences damages throughout the wintertime months, have it repaired as soon as feasible to maintain the warm in and also the cool out. Snow can produce mold and mildew and add to future water damages. Attempting to fix your roofing yourself during the chillier months is a recipe for catastrophe.




All about Roofing Contractors


Picking a roof company should always be your primary means of fixing as well as evaluating your organization's roofing. Here are 7 reasons that you should work with an expert industrial roofing professional: An expert roofing firm has the needed experience to ensure your roofing comes out far better than ever. They recognize how items connect and what kind of material will certainly function best for your roofing system.




Roofing ContractorsRoof Inspection & Estimates
Employing expert industrial contractors guarantees you're functioning within these rules as well as following by neighborhood codes without experiencing effects from an examination. Professionals stay on par with any type of new guidelines as well as regulations the city includes, so they are prepared to do the job right the initial time. Among the most significant downsides of trying to fix your service's roof yourself is investing more cash than you intended.


You might not also recognize what you will certainly need till you are already in the center of the fixing process. This scenario requires you to waste time and money, and you run cool roof the risk of exposing the roofing system's under layers to the weather. Roof firms provide a base quote for how much the repair service will certainly set you back.




This process will certainly save you cash, time and anxiety. Roofing system repair work are not the fastest construction task on the market, however with the right understanding, materials as well as experience, you can complete the task as promptly as well as efficiently as feasible. Throughout a roof covering repair work, you remove a layer of security for your residence.




Getting My Hail Wind & Storm Roof Damage Repair To Work


Needs to the climate aggravate, rainfall can get in the attic room area and also result in much more severe concerns (Commercial Roof Installation). Regardless of who deals with your roofing system, they will certainly require to finish the process as promptly and effectively as feasible to make certain the roofing foundation does not deal with unneeded water damage. You run the risk of destroying your home's interior the longer you do without a roofing system.

 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15